Olam International

Premium members report, featuring a concise PESTLE, Porters Five Forces, 5C, MOST, 7Ps, CATWOE and SWOT

This analysis of Olam International is part of our coverage of the world’s 10,000 largest companies.

Premium members have exclusive access to this study on Olam International, including the SWOT analysis, PESTLE, 5C analysis, CATWOE, Porter’s Five Forces (concise), MOST analysis, and more.

The Premium member version of this study is approximately 5,000 words and can be navagated using the table of contents section. For a more comprehensive analysis of the company please consider purchasing our flagship 20,000 word PDF version of our Olam International company analysis report.

Company Description

Olam International is a global agri-business headquartered in Singapore and founded in 1989. Its main products and services include rice, spices, coffee, cocoa, nuts, and edible oils, among others. Olam serves markets across the globe, ranging from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In addition, the company also provides food and feed ingredients, cotton, and other agricultural commodities.

Industry Overview

Olam International operates in the agriculture and food industry. This global industry is estimated to be worth over $5.3 trillion US Dollars. Olam International employs over 35,000 people from over 65 countries. These employees are based in various countries including India, China, Singapore, and Nigeria.

Industry Classification

In terms of formal classification, Platform Executive has tagged Olam International as a business operating within the Food Processing industry.

Major Products & Services

The main products and/or services commercialised by this business include:

  • Edible Nuts and Dried Fruits
  • Spices and Herbs
  • Cocoa
  • Coffee
  • Rice
  • Grains and Pulses
  • Dairy and Packaged Foods
  • Processed Foods
  • Animal Feeds
  • Industrial Ingredients
  • Logistics and Supply Chain Solutions
  • Trade Finance Solutions

Table of Contents

Save to Library
Add to library
Remove from library

Competitive Landscape

Olam International operates in a highly competitive environment, navigating a complex landscape of global markets and diverse industries. The company faces intense rivalry from other players in the agribusiness and food processing sectors, as well as from emerging competitors in the digital and sustainable agriculture space. With a focus on innovation and sustainability, Olam must also contend with changing consumer preferences and increasing pressure to reduce its environmental impact. In addition, the company must constantly adapt to shifting trade policies and economic conditions in various countries where it operates. Overall, Olam operates in a dynamic and challenging competitive environment that demands constant strategic agility and adaptability.

Key Competitors

We have identified the following organisations as being key competitors:

  • Cargill
  • Archer Daniels Midland
  • Wilmar International
  • Bunge Limited
  • CHS Inc
  • Amul
  • Marubeni Corporation
  • ADM Agro Industries
  • Itochu Corporation
  • Louis Dreyfus Corporation

Unlock all sections of this report

Premium members gain FULL ACCESS to this analysis and approximately 10,000 similar competitive intelligence reports.

Each detailed study features a PESTLE, Porters Five Forces, 5C, MOST, CATWOE and a SWOT analysis, along with a myriad of other high-value sections.

Premium membership costs $65 per month, or $595 annually.

Key Stakeholders

Stakeholders are individuals or groups affected by a business's actions. Understanding their needs helps a business make decisions that benefit all parties.

Internal and external stakeholders include the following:

1. Customers: Olam International’s customers are primarily businesses that purchase their products, from wholesalers to food manufacturers and retailers.

2. Suppliers: Olam International’s suppliers provide the raw materials and other resources necessary for their production process.

3. Employees: Olam International’s employees are vital to the company’s success, allowing it to operate efficiently and delivering its products and services.

4. Investors: Olam International’s shareholders and investors provide capital to the company, enabling it to grow and develop.

5. Governments and Regulatory Bodies: Governments and regulatory bodies set the rules and regulations that Olam International must adhere to.

6. Society: Olam International’s operations have a direct impact on the societies in which it operates. It is important for the company to be aware of the social and environmental implications of its activities.

Customers and Cohorts

The main customers of the organisation include:

  • Farmers
  • Agribusinesses
  • Food Processors
  • Retailers
  • Consumers
  • Industrial Customers
  • Institutional Customers
  • Government Agencies
  • Financial Institutions
  • Traders

Competitive Advantages

Competitive advantages are unique attributes, strategies, resources, or capabilities that allow an organisation to outperform its competitors and achieve superior market position and profitability.

Competitive advantages for the business include the following:

Global Presence: Olam has a global presence in 65 countries across the world. This allows them to be close to their customers and to source products from different locations.

Diversified Portfolio: Olam has a diversified portfolio of products and services, ranging from food and agricultural products to industrial raw materials and financial services. This allows them to capitalise on different market opportunities and increase their customer base.

Strong Financials: Olam is financially strong and has a strong balance sheet, which allows them to undertake large projects and to make strategic investments in new markets.

Innovative Business Model: Olam has an innovative business model that focuses on providing solutions to their customers' needs. They are constantly looking for new ways to add value to their customers.

Experienced Management Team: Olam has an experienced management team that is well-versed in the industry and has a long-term vision for the company. This gives them a competitive advantage in the market.

Market Trends

Market trends can significantly impact an organisation by influencing consumer behavior, altering supply and demand dynamics, and ultimately affecting the organisation’s ability to remain competitive in the market. Staying ahead of these trends enables businesses to proactively adapt their strategies, mitigate risks, and capitalise on emerging opportunities.

As part of this study, we have identified a number of potential trends that could impact the organisation. These include the following:

Market Trends

Key Performance Indicators

Key Performance Indicators
KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) are important to a business such as Olam International as they help measure progress towards achieving organisational goals and objectives. They provide a useful insight into the performance of different areas of the Olam International business and therefore enable informed decision-making.

KPIs also help to motivate employees towards achieving targets.

Below is a list of Key Performance Indicators we deem relevant to this company:

Brand Strength

Brand strength is more than a logo or name. It reflects a company’s reputation and how it is perceived by customers, investors, and employees. It is built on core values, mission, and a unique selling proposition (USP) that differentiates the business.

Brand strength goes beyond superficial elements and taps into core values, the defined mission, and unique selling proposition (USP) of a company.

Below are key reasons why brand strength matters:

Trust and Credibility: In a market flooded with choices, customers gravitate toward brands they trust. A strong brand signals reliability and quality, fostering customer loyalty. Loyal customers not only make repeat purchases but also advocate for the brand, driving word-of-mouth growth.

Brand Strength Analysis

Differentiation: A strong brand helps a company stand out in competitive markets by clearly communicating its value proposition. It creates a unique identity, establishes a competitive edge, and positions the company as a leader in its industry. For example, Google is synonymous with internet search.

Customer Loyalty: A positive brand experience builds emotional connections, making customers less price-sensitive and willing to pay a premium. Loyal customers generate repeat business and act as brand ambassadors, reducing customer acquisition costs and boosting long-term profitability.

Talent Acquisition and Retention: A strong brand not only attracts top talent but also enhances employee morale and engagement. Employees who identify with a reputable brand are more motivated, productive, and committed, driving better business outcomes.

Benchmarking Brand Strength

Below is a guide as to the scoring mechanism used to gauge the brand strength of this company:

A

The company enjoys an excellent level of brand strength.

  • This score signifies that the company has developed a highly regarded and well-recognised brand.
  • Customers and the wider community perceive the company as trustworthy, reliable, and superior to competitors.
  • The company enjoys a strong connection with customers, who actively engage with and advocate for the brand.
  • The company's brand effectively communicates its unique value proposition.
  • The corporate attracts and retains top talent, and its reputation extends beyond its target market.
B

The company has a good brand strength, indicating that it has a solid and respectable brand presence.

  • Customers generally have positive perceptions of the company.
  • While the company may not be as distinctive or well-known as the top brands, it still differentiates itself from competitors and enjoys a loyal customer base.
  • The brand inspires some level of customer engagement and advocacy.
  • The company attracts top quality employees and maintains a good reputation. People want to work there.
C

The business has an average brand strength, meaning it is neither strong nor weak in the marketplace.

  • Customers perceive the company as ordinary or run-of-the-mill, lacking an emotional connection or distinctiveness.
  • The company faces challenges in standing out among competitors and needs to better communicate its proposition.
  • Decent level of customer satisfaction, but significant there is room for improvement in terms of brand loyalty.
  • The company's reputation is neither a huge positive, or negative.
D

The company's brand is quite weak. Work required to increase its potential.

  • Customers have mixed or negative perception of the company, associating it with average or below-average quality.
  • The business struggles to differentiate itself from its competitors and lacks a compelling value proposition.
  • Customer engagement and brand loyalty may be minimal, requiring some effort to improve the brand experience.
  • The company's reputation may have encountered challenges, poor press, or may not be well-known in the market.
E

The company's brand is weak and fails to resonate with customers and audiences. This needs to be addressed.

  • Customers perceive the company as being too unreliable, lacking in quality, or irrelevant.
  • The company struggles to differentiate itself from competitors, and there is a lack of customer engagement, or loyalty.
  • The company's reputation may be tarnished or negatively perceived, hindering growth efforts.
  • Significant efforts are required to rebuild the corporate brand and establish a more positive image in the market.
F

The company has a severe lack of brand strength. It is a problem that needs addressing with urgency.

  • The company is poorly recognised, and customers have negative perceptions or zero awareness of its offerings.
  • The company fails to communicate its unique value proposition or inspire customer loyalty.
  • The company's reputation may be highly unfavourable, and attracting customers or top talent is challenging.
  • Immediate and extensive actions are likely necessary to revitalise the brand.

Brand Strength Score

Scoring brand strength is subjective because it relies on individual perceptions and interpretations of various factors, such as customer sentiment, market dynamics, and the competitive landscape, which can vary.

Using our scoring methodology, the average score of a business is calculated as being C (average). This differs from the average score of the top 10,000 businesses featured in our coverage. Weighted to that cohort, the average brand strength score increases to a B (good).

The analysis team have noted the following factors impacting its brand strength:

  • Established presence in global markets: A
  • Variety of products and services offered: A
  • Reputation of quality products and services: A
  • Recognition of brand name: A
  • Connections with customers and stakeholders: A
  • Ability to create innovative products and services: A
  • Brand Strength Score: A

7Ps Marketing Analysis

The 7Ps of marketing are crucial components of strategic decision making for any organisation in any industry vertical.

Using the 7Ps in competitive analysis provides a holistic view of the marketplace, allowing businesses to refine their strategies, capitalise on competitors' weaknesses, and better meet consumer needs. The 7P's are defined as:

  • Product/Service
  • Price/Fee
  • Place/Access
  • Promotion
  • People
  • Physical Evidence
  • Processes

All these elements together frame an organisation's marketing mix, crucial for creating effective marketing strategies.

This 7P analysis is designed to provide a valuable insight into the business strategies of the company. It can be used to reveal strengths and weaknesses in their marketing mix, offering opportunities to compare and enhance a business.

1. Product/Services: Olam International is a leading global agribusiness company that offers a wide range of products and services. Their product portfolio includes agricultural commodities such as cocoa, coffee, nuts, and spices, as well as edible oils, rice, and dairy products. They also provide services such as sourcing, processing, and distribution of these products.

2. Price/Fees: Olam International follows a competitive pricing strategy for its products. The company offers a variety of pricing options to cater to different customer segments. They also provide volume discounts and promotional offers to attract customers.

3. Place/Access: The company has a strong global presence with operations in over 60 countries. They have a well-established distribution network that ensures easy access to their products for customers worldwide. In addition, Olam International has invested in infrastructure and technology to ensure efficient supply chain management.

4. Promotion: Olam International uses a mix of traditional and digital marketing strategies to promote its products and services. They advertise through various media channels, participate in trade fairs and exhibitions, and also use social media platforms to reach out to their target audience.

5. Physical Evidence: The company maintains high-quality standards for its products and services, which serves as physical evidence of its commitment to providing top-notch products. They also have a strong brand reputation and customer testimonials that act as evidence of their reliability.

6. Processes: Olam International has a well-defined and streamlined process for sourcing, processing, and delivering its products. They have implemented efficient supply chain management processes to ensure timely delivery and maintain quality standards.

7. People: The company values its employees and invests in their training and development. They have a diverse workforce that brings in different perspectives and skills, which helps in the growth and success of the business. Olam International also has a strong focus on corporate social responsibility, which highlights their commitment to people and the community.

Potential Products

As part of this study, we have carefully examined and prognosticated a range of new products, services, or innovations that this organisation could potentially develop and introduce to strengthen its market position and respond to emerging industry trends.

Green energy solutions: Olam International could create green energy solutions to help reduce its carbon footprint and to promote sustainability. This could include solar, wind, and geothermal energy solutions.

Sustainable packaging solutions: Olam International could create sustainable packaging solutions for their products, such as compostable or reusable packaging materials, to reduce their environmental impact.

Agriculture technology: Olam International could create agriculture technology solutions to help farmers increase their crop productivity and improve their water, soil, and pest management.

Online sales platform: Olam International could create an online sales platform to enable customers to purchase their products directly from the company.

Food delivery services: Olam International could create food delivery services to make it easier for customers to order and receive their products.

Consulting services: Olam International could create consulting services to help farmers, food processors, and other stakeholders in the food supply chain to improve their operations.

Potential Synergies

Our proprietary product and portfolio-matching algorithm has identified the following organisations as having strong potential synergies with the company, based on strategic alignment, complementary capabilities, and opportunities for collaboration across markets or domains.

1. ADM (Archer Daniels Midland Company): ADM is a global supplier of food, agricultural, and risk management products and services. Both companies have a focus on global food and agricultural supply chains, which creates natural synergy.
2. Cargill Inc.: Cargill is a leading provider of food, agricultural, and risk management products and services. Its global reach and presence in the agricultural sector makes it an ideal partner for Olam International.
3. Wilmar International Limited: Wilmar is a leading agribusiness group in Asia, producing and distributing edible oils, oilseeds, grains, and other agricultural products. Both companies share a commitment to sustainability and supply chain management, creating a strong synergy.
4. Bunge Limited: Bunge is a global agribusiness and food company with operations in over 40 countries. It has a strong presence in the global grain and oilseed markets, and its expertise in logistics and processing makes it a strong partner for Olam International.
5. C.H. Robinson Worldwide: C.H. Robinson is a global third-party logistics provider. Its expertise in logistics and transportation make it an ideal partner for Olam International's supply chain management solutions.

Porter's Five Forces

Developed by Michael Porter in 1979, Porter’s Five Forces is a model used to analyse industry attractiveness and evaluate competitive environments. It considers five forces:

  • Competitive rivalry
  • Supplier power
  • Buyer power
  • Threat of substitution
  • Threat of new entries

We include this framework because it supports strategic planning, investment decision-making, and long-term competitive positioning across industries by highlighting structural pressures, market threats, and potential profit constraints.

In relation to Olam International, the company scores HIGHLY in terms of the threat of new entrants. This is due to the HIGH barriers to entry in the agricultural industry. The company also scores HIGHLY in terms of the bargaining power of buyers. This is because Olam International has a large customer base and buyers have little bargaining power. The company scores average in terms of the bargaining power of suppliers. This is because there are a large number of suppliers in the agricultural industry. The company scores average in terms of the threat of substitute products. This is because there are a number of substitute products available in the market. The company scores HIGHLY in terms of competitive rivalry. This is because Olam International is a market leader in the agricultural industry.

PESTLE Analysis

A PESTLE analysis is used to evaluate external factors affecting an organisation. It examines (1) Political; (2) Economic; (3) Social; (4) Technological; (5) Legal; and (6) Environmental influences. This framework helps businesses identify potential risks and opportunities in the macro-environment, supporting informed decision-making, strategic planning, and long-term sustainability in dynamic markets.

Reasons to use a PESTLE include:

  • Environmental Scanning: PESTLE helps assess external factors, keeping executives aware of key forces
  • Strategic Planning: It identifies opportunities and threats, aiding market alignment and goal-setting
  • Risk Assessment: PESTLE highlights risks, helping businesses develop mitigation strategies
  • Market Insights: It provides insights into trends, behavior, and regulations for better strategy development
  • Business Adaptation: Regular analysis allows businesses to stay competitive by adapting to changes

Below is the PESTLE analysis for this company:

PESTLE Analysis: political, economic, social, technological, legal, environmental

CATWOE Analysis

CATWOE

The CATWOE analysis helps businesses understand stakeholders' perspectives for informed decision-making, covering six elements:

  • Customers: Beneficiaries of the system’s outputs
  • Actors: Those who influence the system’s functionality
  • Transformation: Converting inputs into value-creating outputs
  • World View: The broader context behind the system’s existence
  • Owner: Decision-makers with authority over the system
  • Environment: External factors impacting the system

The CATWOE analysis is most effective when used alongside a SWOT analysis.

SWOT Analysis

This SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool used to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the Olam International business.

When creating this SWOT the team at Platform Executive have taken into consideration the corporate strategy; brand; key financials; the competitive landscape; along with the products and/or services offered.

To offer increased context for future innovation and product development we also consider the historical context for the business and industry; and perceived direction of travel.

Upon researching the company, we have uncovered a number of strategic and operational strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.

SWOT Analysis: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats

Strengths

The strengths of a company refer to its internal attributes or capabilities that provide it with a competitive advantage.

Below is a list of the key strengths we have identified for the business:

1. Diversified product portfolio: Olam International Ltd has a diversified product portfolio which includes food, agricultural, industrial and packaging products. This gives the company a competitive edge as it is able to cater to a wide range of customer needs.

2. Strong distribution network: Olam International Ltd has a strong distribution network which enables it to reach out to its customers in a timely and efficient manner.

3. Efficient supply chain management: The company has an efficient supply chain management system which helps it to keep track of its inventory and ensure timely delivery of products to its customers.

4. Experienced management team: Olam International Ltd has an experienced management team which has a wealth of knowledge and experience in the food and agricultural industry. This gives the company a competitive advantage in terms of its operations and strategic planning.

Opportunities

Opportunities refer to factors that present potential avenues for growth, advantage, or improvement for an organisation.

Below is a list of opportunities we have identified for the business:

1. Expand product offering: Olam International can diversify its product offering by introducing more value-added and specialty products. This would enable them to expand their customer base and increase market share.

2. Increase efficiency: Olam can improve operational efficiency by introducing automation and digitalisation in their processes. This will help them reduce labour costs and increase productivity.

3. Enhance customer service: Olam can enhance customer service by providing personalised services and creating customer loyalty programs. This will help them increase customer satisfaction and loyalty.

4. Develop new markets: Olam can explore new markets by entering into joint ventures and strategic partnerships with local companies. This will help them expand their reach and increase their revenue.

Weaknesses

The weaknesses refer to factors that hinder a company's performance or competitive advantage.

Below is a list of the weaknesses we have identified for the business:

1. Lack of focus: Olam has been accused of "empire building" and of spreading itself too thin by investing in too many different commodities and geographies.

2. Lack of transparency: Olam has been criticised for its lack of transparency, particularly with regards to its financial reporting.

3. Heavy reliance on debt: Olam has a high debt-to-equity ratio, which puts it at risk if commodity prices were to fall or if interest rates were to rise.

4. Dependence on a small number of customers: Olam is heavily reliant on a small number of customers, which makes it vulnerable to a sudden change in demand.

Threats

The threats to an organisation refer to factors that pose challenges or risks to a company's success.

Below is a list of the threats we have identified for the business:

1. Global Supply Chain Disruptions: Olam International is a global agri-business with over 28,000 employees in 68 countries. As such, it is vulnerable to supply chain disruptions caused by natural disasters, transportation delays, and geopolitical events.

2. Cyber Security Threats: Olam has over 10,000 IT systems and is exposed to the risk of cyber-attacks and data breaches. Cyber-attacks can lead to significant financial losses and reputational damage to the company.

3. Currency Exchange Rate Volatility: Olam International operates in multiple currencies and is exposed to currency exchange rate fluctuations and currency devaluations. This can lead to significant losses and can significantly impact the company’s ability to meet its financial obligations.

4. Regulatory Changes: Olam is subject to a variety of governmental regulations in the countries where it operates. A change in these regulations, such as the introduction of tariffs or new environmental regulations, can lead to increased costs and disruption of the company’s operations.

5C Analysis

The 5C Analysis is a marketing framework that can be used to provide insight into the key drivers of success, as well as the risk exposure to various environmental factors.

This (concise) 5C analysis examines the external and internal environment for Olam International. It includes analysing the company's customers, competitors, collaborators, context, and capabilities. We have produced this short analysis to identify potential opportunities and threats to Olam International, as well as areas where the company needs to improve its operations or strategy.
Company: Olam International is a leading food and agri-business operating in over 65 countries and sourcing products from over 22,000 farmers. It is a global company that is committed to sustainable development and has a strong focus on innovation and technology.

Collaborators: Olam International works with a wide range of partners including farmers, local suppliers and global customers. By collaborating with partners, Olam is able to stay ahead of the competition and offer innovative solutions to the challenges of the agricultural industry.

Customers: Olam’s customers include some of the world’s leading food and beverage companies, retailers and foodservice businesses. By providing high-quality products and services, Olam is able to meet the needs of its customers and develop long-term relationships.

Competitors: Olam International faces competition from other leading food and agricultural companies, including Cargill and Archer Daniels Midland. Olam has established itself as a leader in the industry by offering unique solutions and a focus on innovation.

Content: Olam’s content includes news, insights and stories about the company’s products and services, as well as its commitment to sustainability. Olam also provides educational resources about the agricultural industry and the challenges it faces. Through its content, Olam is able to share its knowledge and expertise with its customers and partners.
5C Analysis: company, customers, competition, collaboration, climate

MOST Analysis

MOST Analysis: mission, objectives, strategy, tactics

The MOST analysis framework is used to identify an organisation's strategic goals, assess its strengths and weaknesses, and develop a plan to achieve its objectives. The MOST analysis helps executives focus on what they want to achieve and how to achieve it, while also identifying potential roadblocks or obstacles.

  • Mission defines the organisations purpose and core values, providing a clear direction and inspiration for stakeholders
  • Objectives are specific, measurable targets that support the mission; they indicate what the organisation aims to achieve within a defined timeframe
  • Strategy outlines the high-level approach the organisation will undertake to reach its objectives, detailing how resources will be allocated and initiatives prioritised
  • Tactics are the actionable steps and specific plans that implement the strategy, ensuring that all team members understand their roles in achieving objectives

We have created this analysis from a 3rd person perspective.

Innovation Scorecard

The team at Platform Executive assesses and then benchmarks businesses and the industry verticals in which they operate using a proprietary scoring mechanism designed to benchmark innovation.

First, we allocate a score of A-E for the industry, based on the key organisations operating within the space; and then score the individual organisation using a 1-5 score.

A score of D-E within an industry means that it is potentially ripe to be disrupted by a new entrant; and/or vulnerable to technological change.

Likewise, a high score of 4-5 for the company in question indicates that it lags behind notable businesses in terms of innovation and product pipeline.

Below is a guide to each score:

Innovation Scorecard

Industry Score:

A The industry is amongst the most innovative; with the leading players all driving the sector forward.
Example industry: PaaS
B The industry and its leading players have a good track record of innovation; and can quickly react to change.
Example industry: Pharmaceutical
C Companies operating within the sector have adequate levels of innovation; and engage in R&D activities when appropriate.
Example industry: FMCG
DBusinesses operating in the industry do not invest enough time and resource into innovation. The sector is stagnant and a good candidate for disruption.
Example industry: Retail Banking
E The major players in the sector seem to lack suitable product development roadmaps; and as a result the sector is highly vulnerable to industry change.
Example industry: Publishing

 

Company Score:

1 The business is amongst the leading players in terms innovation and product pipeline. This will fulfil and reinforce the operations of the business in the medium to long-term.
2 The business has a good track record of innovation, in terms of its products and/or its business model. It is therefore more likely to be able to react and adapt to any changes to the industry.
3 The business is deemed to have an adequate innovation plan, build on research and development and sustainability where appropriate. The business has a product development strategy.
4The business needs to invest more resource and/or intellectual capital in product development, pipelines and/or its business model. The business is at risk of stagnation.
5 The business seems to lack a suitable product development roadmap; and as a result is vulnerable to any notable industry change and/or new entrants in the marketplace.
The team at Platform Executive has judged Olam International as having an innovation score of D2.

Appendices

The appendices section of this report contains supplementary information that we deem helpful in providing a more comprehensive understanding of the report.

Methodology

This study on Olam International forms part of our series of competitive intelligence reports, which focuses on 10,000 of the largest corporates.

The report is based on information and learning from the following sources:

  • Corporate websites
  • Proprietary research databases
  • SEC Filings
  • Corporate press releases
  • News articles
  • Financial data API's
  • Product-matching algorithm

Further Reading

More Information

To gain full access to this and thousands of other analysis reports, become a Premium member.

If you cannot find the desired information for the business you are researching then please reach out.

Disclaimer

All Rights Reserved.

Reproduction of the content produced in this report is prohibited without the prior permission of the publisher, Platform Executive Pty Ltd.

The facts of this report have been gathered in good faith from both primary and secondary sources. It is believed to be correct at the time of publication, but cannot be guaranteed. As such Platform Executive can accept no liability whatever for actions taken based on any information that may subsequently prove to be incorrect.

Industry Keywords